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2016 Cayley Contest
(Grade 10)

Wednesday, February 24, 2016
(in North America and South America)

Thursday, February 25, 2016
(outside of North American and South America)

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Instructions

Time: 60 minutes

Calculating devices are allowed, provided that they do not have any of the following features: (i) internet access, (ii) the ability to communicate with other devices, (iii) information previously stored by students (such as formulas, programs, notes, etc.), (iv) a computer algebra system, (v) dynamic geometry software.

  1. Do not open the Contest booklet until you are told to do so.
  2. You may use rulers, compasses and paper for rough work.
  3. Be sure that you understand the coding system for your response form. If you are not sure, ask your teacher to clarify it. All coding must be done with a pencil, preferably HB. Fill in circles completely.
  4. On your response form, print your school name and city/town in the box in the upper right corner.
  5. Be certain that you code your name, age, grade, and the Contest you are writing in the response form. Only those who do so can be counted as eligible students.
  6. This is a multiple-choice test. Each question is followed by five possible answers marked A, B, C, D, and E. Only one of these is correct. After making your choice, fill in the appropriate circle on the response form.
  7. Scoring:
    1. Each correct answer is worth 5 in Part A, 6 in Part B, and 8 in Part C.
    2. There is no penalty for an incorrect answer.
    3. Each unanswered question is worth 2, to a maximum of 10 unanswered questions.
  8. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.
  9. When your supervisor tells you to begin, you will have sixty minutes of working time.
  10. You may not write more than one of the Pascal, Cayley and Fermat Contests in any given year.
Do not discuss the problems or solutions from this contest online for the next 48 hours.
The name, grade, school and location, and score range of some top-scoring students will be published on the website, cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school and location, and score of some students may be shared with other mathematical organizations for other recognition opportunities.
Scoring:
  1. There is no penalty for an incorrect answer.
  2. Each unanswered question is worth 2, to a maximum of 10 unanswered questions.

Part A: Each correct answer is worth 5.

  1. The value of \((3+2)-(2+1)\) is

    1. \(8\)
    2. \(3\)
    3. \(1\)
    4. \(5\)
    5. \(2\)

  2. Maya asked the 20 math teachers at her school to tell her their favourite shape. She represented their answers on the bar graph shown.

    The y axis is divided by 9 equally spaced tick marks. The height of the bar for squares is 1 tick mark above 6 and below 8 and 1 tick mark above 2 and below 4 for triangles. The height of the bars for circles and hexagons are 4 and 6 respectively.

    The number of teachers who did not pick “Square" as their favourite shape was

    1. \(14\)
    2. \(12\)
    3. \(15\)
    4. \(16\)
    5. \(13\)

  3. The expression \(\sqrt{5^2 - 4^2}\) is equal to

    1. \(1\)
    2. \(2\)
    3. \(3\)
    4. \(4\)
    5. \(9\)

  4. If each of Bill’s steps is \(\frac{1}{2}\) metre long, how many steps does Bill take to walk 12 metres in a straight line?

    1. \(9\)
    2. \(12\)
    3. \(16\)
    4. \(24\)
    5. \(36\)

  5. In the diagram, \(Q\) is on \(PR\).

    Triangle QRS has a 50 degree angle at QRS and a x degree angle at QSR. Angle PQS has degree 2x.

    The value of \(x\) is

    1. \(50\)
    2. \(80\)
    3. \(100\)
    4. \(16.7\)
    5. \(130\)

  6. If the line that passes through the points \((2, 7)\) and \((a, 3a)\) has a slope of 2, the value of \(a\) is

    1. \(\frac{5}{2}\)
    2. \(10\)
    3. \(3\)
    4. \(\frac{11}{5}\)
    5. \(\frac{12}{5}\)

  7. A soccer team played three games. Each game ended in a win, loss, or tie. (If a game finishes with both teams having scored the same number of goals, the game ends in a tie.) In total, the team scored more goals than were scored against them. Which of the following combinations of outcomes is not possible for this team?

    1. \(\mbox{2 wins, 0 losses, 1 tie}\)
    2. \(\mbox{1 win, 2 losses, 0 ties}\)
    3. \(\mbox{0 wins, 1 loss, 2 ties}\)
    4. \(\mbox{1 win, 1 loss, 1 tie}\)
    5. \(\mbox{1 win, 0 losses, 2 ties}\)

  8. The first five letters of the alphabet are assigned the values \(A=1\), \(B=2\), \(C=3\), \(D=4\), and \(E=5\). The value of a word equals the sum of the values of its letters. For example, the value of \(BAD\) is \(2+1+4=7\). Which of the following words has the largest value?

    1. \(BAD\)
    2. \(CAB\)
    3. \(DAD\)
    4. \(BEE\)
    5. \(BED\)

  9. Grace writes a sequence of 20 numbers. The first number is 43 and each number after the first is 4 less than the number before it, so her sequence starts \(43, 39, 35, \ldots\) . How many of the numbers that Grace writes are positive?

    1. \(11\)
    2. \(9\)
    3. \(13\)
    4. \(15\)
    5. \(12\)

  10. Five students play chess matches against each other. Each student plays three matches against each of the other students. How many matches are played in total?

    1. \(15\)
    2. \(8\)
    3. \(30\)
    4. \(60\)
    5. \(16\)

Part B: Each correct answer is worth 6.

  1. In the diagram, \(PQ\) is perpendicular to \(QR\), \(QR\) is perpendicular to \(RS\), and \(RS\) is perpendicular to \(ST\).

    R lies below Q and T lies above S.

    If \(PQ=4\), \(QR=8\), \(RS=8\), and \(ST=3\), then the distance from \(P\) to \(T\) is

    1. \(16\)
    2. \(12\)
    3. \(17\)
    4. \(15\)
    5. \(13\)

  2. Alejandro has a box that contains 30 balls, numbered from 1 to 30. He randomly selects a ball from the box where each ball is equally likely to be chosen. Which of the following is most likely?

    1. \(\textrm{He selects a ball whose number is a multiple of 10.}\)
    2. \(\textrm{He selects a ball whose number is odd.}\)
    3. \(\textrm{He selects a ball whose number includes the digit 3.}\)
    4. \(\textrm{He selects a ball whose number is a multiple of 5.}\)
    5. \(\textrm{He selects a ball whose number includes the digit 2.}\)

  3. Which of the following fractions is both larger than \(\frac{1}{6}\) and smaller than \(\frac{1}{4}\)?

    1. \(\frac{5}{12}\)
    2. \(\frac{5}{36}\)
    3. \(\frac{5}{24}\)
    4. \(\frac{5}{60}\)
    5. \(\frac{5}{48}\)

  4. The number of zeros in the integer equal to \(\left(10^{100}\right)\times\left(100^{10}\right)\) is

    1. \(120\)
    2. \(200\)
    3. \(220\)
    4. \(300\)
    5. \(110\)

  5. What is the tens digit of the smallest positive integer that is divisible by each of, 16 and 2016?

    1. \(0\)
    2. \(2\)
    3. \(4\)
    4. \(6\)
    5. \(8\)

  6. The triangle shown is reflected in the \(x\)-axis and the resulting triangle is reflected in the \(y\)-axis.

    In the first quadrant, the triangle has its second longest side parallel to the x axis, the shortest one is parallel to the y axis. The right angle is located on the left.

    Which of the following best represents the final position of the triangle?

    1. In the third quadrant, the shortest side is above the second longest side, such that the right angle is on the left.
    2. In the fourth quadrant, the shortest side is below the second longest such that the former is parallel to the x axis and the latter is parallel to the y axis. The right angle is lacated on the left.
    3. In the first quadrant, the shortest side is above the second longest side. The right angle is located on the left.
    4. In the third quadrant, the shorter side is below the second longest and the right angle is on the right.
    5. In the third quadrant, the shorter side is above the second longest and the right angle is on the right.

  7. In the diagram, the perimeter of square \(PQRS\) is \(120\) and the perimeter of \(\triangle PZS\) is \(2x\).

    Z lies within the square.

    Which of the following expressions in terms of \(x\) is equal to the perimeter of pentagon \(PQRSZ\)?

    1. \(120 + 2x\)
    2. \(40+2x\)
    3. \(60+2x\)
    4. \(90+2x\)
    5. \(30+2x\)

  8. When three positive integers are added in pairs, the resulting sums are 998, 1050 and 1234. What is the difference between the largest and smallest of the three original positive integers?

    1. \(262\)
    2. \(248\)
    3. \(224\)
    4. \(250\)
    5. \(236\)

  9. A total of \(n\) points are equally spaced around a circle and are labelled with the integers 1 to \(n\), in order. Two points are called diametrically opposite if the line segment joining them is a diameter of the circle. If the points labelled 7 and 35 are diametrically opposite, then \(n\) equals

    1. \(54\)
    2. \(55\)
    3. \(56\)
    4. \(57\)
    5. \(58\)

  10. There are \(n\) students in the math club at Scoins Secondary School. When Mrs. Fryer tries to put the \(n\) students in groups of 4, there is one group with fewer than 4 students, but all of the other groups are complete. When she tries to put the \(n\) students in groups of 3, there are 3 more complete groups than there were with groups of 4, and there is again exactly one group that is not complete. When she tries to put the \(n\) students in groups of 2, there are 5 more complete groups than there were with groups of 3, and there is again exactly one group that is not complete. The sum of the digits of the integer equal to \(n^2-n\) is

    1. \(11\)
    2. \(12\)
    3. \(20\)
    4. \(13\)
    5. \(10\)

Part C: Each correct answer is worth 8.

  1. In her last basketball game, Jackie scored 36 points. These points raised the average (mean) number of points that she scored per game from 20 to 21. To raise this average to 22 points, how many points must Jackie score in her next game?

    1. \(38\)
    2. \(22\)
    3. \(23\)
    4. \(36\)
    5. \(37\)

  2. Alain and Louise are driving on a circular track with radius 25 km. Alain leaves the starting line first, going clockwise around the track at a speed of 80 km/h. Fifteen minutes after Alain starts, Louise leaves the same starting line, going counter-clockwise around the track at a speed of 100 km/h. For how many hours will Louise have been driving when the two of them pass each other for the fourth time?

    1. \(\frac{50\pi-6}{45}\)
    2. \(\frac{4\pi+1}{4}\)
    3. \(\frac{10\pi-1}{9}\)
    4. \(\frac{15\pi+6}{16}\)
    5. \(\frac{25\pi-1}{24}\)

  3. Suppose that \(PQRSTUVW\) is a regular octagon. (A regular octagon is an octagon with eight equal side lengths and eight equal interior angles.) There are 70 ways in which four of its sides can be chosen at random. If four of its sides are chosen at random and each of these sides is extended infinitely in both directions, what is the probability that they will meet to form a quadrilateral that contains the octagon?

    1. \(\frac{1}{2}\)
    2. \(\frac{19}{35}\)
    3. \(\frac{37}{70}\)
    4. \(\frac{17}{35}\)
    5. \(\frac{18}{35}\)

  4. What is the sum of all numbers \(q\) which can be written in the form \(q = \dfrac{a}{b}\) where\(a\) and \(b\) are positive integers with \(b \leq 10\) and for which there are exactly 19 integers \(n\) that satisfy \(\sqrt{q}<n<q\)?

    1. \(871.5\)
    2. \(743.5\)
    3. \(777.5\)
    4. \(808.5\)
    5. \(1106.5\)

  5. A new language uses only the letters A, B, C, D, and E. The letters A and E are called vowels, while the letters B, C and D are called consonants. A sequence of letters is called a word if it does not include the same letter twice in a row, and it does not include two vowels in a row. How many words are there in this language that are 10 letters long and that begin with a vowel?

    1. \(199\,680\)
    2. \(199\,968\)
    3. \(199\,584\)
    4. \(199\,872\)
    5. \(199\,776\)

Further Information

For students...

Thank you for writing the Cayley Contest!

Encourage your teacher to register you for the Galois Contest which will be written in April.

Visit our website cemc.uwaterloo.ca to find

For teachers...

Visit our website cemc.uwaterloo.ca to