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Problem of the Week
Problem A and Solution
Balancing Act

Problem

James is in charge of sending out boxes from a distribution centre. The contents of the boxes are identified by shapes stamped on them: a heart, a moon, or a sun. All boxes with the same stamp have the same mass.

The following diagrams show what James observed when arranging some of the boxes and standard weights on a scale.

One side of the scale has a moon box and the other side has
a heart box and a sun box.

One side of the scale has three heart boxes and the other
side has a 15 kg weight.

One side of the scale has four heart boxes and the other
side has a sun box.

Given that each scale is balanced, determine the mass of each box.

Solution

From the diagrams we notice the following.

Since \(3\) heart boxes have a total mass of \(15\) kg, then the mass of \(1\) heart box must be \(\frac{1}{3}\) of \(15\) kg. Therefore, \(1\) heart box has a mass of \(5\) kg.

Since 4 heart boxes have the same mass as \(1\) sun box, then \(1\) sun box must have a mass of \(5 \times 4 = 20\) kg.

Since \(1\) moon box has the same mass as the sum of the mass of \(1\) heart box and the mass of \(1\) sun box, then \(1\) moon box must have a mass of \(20 + 5 = 25\) kg.

Therefore, \(1\) moon box has a mass of \(25\) kg, \(1\) heart box has a mass of \(5\) kg, and \(1\) sun box has a mass of \(20\) kg.